Wicca the Complete Craft by D.J. Conway Essay -- Wicca the Complete Cr

Wicca the Complete Craft was written by D.J. Conway. This book was published by Crossing Press in 2001. It covers and goes through very thoroughly the many ceremonies, traditions, holidays, beliefs, and much more of the Wiccan religion. Wicca the Complete Craft was written with the intent to help someone go through the process of joining the Wiccan religion rather than a reference for someone to simply learn about the religion. Do not let me mislead you though, the book provides wonderful insight into the religion. It was just not written with that intent. It provides numerous list and step-by-step instructions but very little pictures and diagrams. The content of the book did not require a whole lot of diagrams or pictures, list and step-by-step instructions were adequate enough. I give Wicca the Complete Craft 4.7 stars on a 5.0 scale. The only thing that stopped me from giving Wicca the Complete Craft a solid 5.0 stars was that the author, D.J. Conway, came of as somewhat biased at times. It was very subtle, but he would slip in comments that the book could do without. You can tell he is very passionate and very serious about his religion, Wicca. I think that is fantastic but the comments that he slipped in every so often may turn people away or agitate them. I brushed them off and I am so glad I did because the Wiccan religion is fascinating and I learned so much from Wicca the Complete Craft. Wicca is an extremely old religion. Wiccan beliefs and views are so alien to the more modern religions like Christianity and Judaism. A major aspect of the Wiccan religion is covens. A coven is basically a group of 3 or more Witches (Witches are what people of the Wiccan religion call themselves) that gather together ... ... He touched base on everything you need to know to become a Witch. He even provided exercises to help you along with your journey to becoming a Witch. For the spell work aspect of the Wiccan religion he provided step-by-step instructions on several different spells. He thoroughly goes through all the processes to become a Witch. He made the reading easy to understand and if there is a word you do not recognize you can most likely find it in the multiple little dictionaries he has provided on words that have to do with the Wiccan religion throughout the book. When the need arises he provides pictures and charts. In the chapter on runes there is a particularly handy chart. There are a lot of lists in this book and they are a load of help. Overall Wicca The Complete Craft was an outstanding read. Works Cited Wicca the Complete Craft by D.J. Conway

Hardness of Water

INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS HARDNESS OF WATER:It is when water passes through or over deposit such as limestone; the level of Ca ²Ã¢  »and Mg ²Ã¢  ºand HCOâ‚Æ' ions present in the water can greatly increase and cause the water to be classified as hard water. This term results from the fact that cation and magnesium ions in water combine with soap molecules, making it hard to get suds. High level of water ion such as Ca ²Ã¢  » and Mg ²Ã¢  ºÃ‚  can cause scaly deposits in plumbing appliances & boilers.These two ions also combine chemically with soap molecules resulting in decreased cleansing. The American water works Association indicates that the ideal quality water should not contain more than 80mg/l of total hardness as CaCOâ‚Æ'. High levels of total hardness are not considered a health concern. There are two types of Hardness:Temporary hardness: this is due to the presence of bicorbonates of calcium and magnesium. It can be easily removed by boiling. Permanent hardness: this is due to the presence of chlorides & sulphate of calcium & magnesium. This type of hardness cannot be removed by boiling.MOTIVATIONI was bothered that the water in Ilara community doesn’t combine easily with soap leading to excessive consumption of WATER.ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE:Scales are formed as inner coating of the pipelines prevents corrosion Absolute soft waters are corrosive and dissolve metalsMore causes of cardio vascular diseases are reported in soft water areas Hard water is useful to growth of children due to the presence of calcium Hard water cause excessive consumption of soap used for cleaning purpose, sodium soaps react with multivalent metallic cations to form a precipitate, thereby lose their surfactant properties. Lathering doesn’t take place until all hardness ions precipitate out.APPARATUS Conical Flask {250ml} Burette with retort stand Beaker Wash bottles Standard flask PipettesMETHOD Simple titration methodREAGENTS Ammonium chloride Amm onium hydroxide Ilara-Mokin water {Hâ‚‚O} Magnesium sulphate Erichrome black T EDTA (Disodium salt).PREPARATION OF REAGENTS 1. Standard solution of EDTAThe usual reagent is the disodium salt, which is a dehydrate, Mr=372.24; it is available in sufficiently pure form to be used as a primary standard for most purposes. If necessary, it may be dried at 80 ° for four days to remove a small percentage of water that may have been absorbed. The solution should be stored in plastic containers rather than glass bottles. The solution is stable but if stored in glass bottles (particularly if the glass is new), the concentration of a dilute solution will decrease appreciably with time as metal ions are extracted out of the glass. To prepare 2 1 of the reagent, dissolve 7.44g of the salt in enough deionized water to make exactly 2 1 of solution. 2. Buffer solution(pH 10)Add 17.5g of ammonium chloride to 142cm ³ of ammonium chloride to 142cm ³ of 0.88 ammonia solution and make up to 25 0cm ³ with deionized water. 3. Eriochrome Black T indicatorThis indicator can be purchased as a powder. The solid is hygroscopic, and so must be stored in a tightly stoppered container.EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE (testing of the Ilara-mokin water) We Pipetted 200ml of the water sample and transfer it to a clean 250ml conical flask. We Added 2ml of Ammonia buffer solution to the water sample so that the pH will be maintained between 9 & 10. We added few drops of EBT indicator to the conical flask and the sample turns to wine red in color. Before we started the titration; we rinsed the burette with few ml of EDTA  then Filled the burette with 0.02m EDTA solution & adjusted to zero then fixed it in retort stand. We titrated the sample against the EDTA solution in the burette till all calcium and magnesium ions present in the sample reacted with the EDTA.The appearance of blue color indicated that all Ca and Mg ions were complex with EDTA and forms a metal EDTA complex. i.e. the end poin t of the titration We Noted down the burette reading and repeated titration two more times.RESULT OF THE EXPERIMENTSAMPLE A FINAL READINNGS 1.50 1.40 1.40 INITIAL READINGS 0.00 0.00 0.00 TITRE VALUES 1.50 1.40 1.40Average titre value= 1.50 +1.40+1.40 =4.3 3 3  =1.43cm ³Ã‚  =1.43 x 20= 28.6 cm ³SAMPLE B FINAL READINGS 2.90 3.10 2.90 INITIAL READINGS 0.00 0.00 0.00 TITRE VALUES 2.90 3.10 2.90Average titre value=2.90+3.10+2.90 = 8.90 3 3  =2.97cm ³Ã‚  =2.97 x 20= 59.4cm ³

An Evolving Diagnostic Decision Support System - 769 Words

REFERENCES 1. SmolinskiG., MilanovaM. G. and HassanienA. E.: Studies in Computational Intelligence :Computational Intelligence in Biomedicine and Bioinformatics. ISBN-10: 354070776X | ISBN-13: 978-3540707769,Springer-Verlag(2011). 2. Devlin G.: Decision Support Systems: Advances In. ISBN: 9789533070698, In-Tech Publishing (2010).† 3. Barnett, G. O., Cimino, J. J., Hupp, J. A., Hoffer, E. P. (1987). DXplain: an evolving diagnostic decision-support system. Jama, 258(1), 67-74.† 4. Jackson P. C.: Introduction to artificial intelligence. ISBN 048624864X,Courier Corporation (1985).† 5. SuzukiK.: Artificial neural networks: methodological advances and biomedical applications. InTech, ISBN-13: 9789533072432( 2011).† 6. Lingras P. J.: Rough neural network. In: Proc. of the 6th Int. Conf. on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-based Systems (IPMU96). pp.1445-1450, Granada, Spain (1996). 7. ellaHassanien, A., Ã…Å¡lzak, D. (2006). Rough neural intelligent approach for image classification: A case of patients with suspected breast cancer.International Journal of Hybrid Intelligent Systems, 3(4), 205-218.† 8. Pal, S. K., Polkowski, L. (Eds.). (2012). Rough-Neural Computing: Techniques for Computing with Words. Springer Science Business Media.† 9. Peters, J. F., Han, L., Ramanna, S. (2001). Rough neural computing in signal analysis. Computational Intelligence, 17(3), 493-513.† 10. Peters, J. F., Skowron, A., Han, L., Ramanna, S. (2000, October).Show MoreRelatedThe Patient Centered Care Concept955 Words   |  4 Pages The patient centered care concept support the active involvement of the patients and their families, in the decision making process that are related upon the treatment services. 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Genetic Engineering And Its Effect On The Good And The Bad

The characteristics of genetic engineering have substantial behavior towards the good and the bad† (Powell 13). Although we do not recognize the true meaning of this quote at first glance, these words actually posses the key to mankind. Even though genetic engineering supports an exciting opportunity for the humanity, many red flags have been raised related to problems with safety, the availability, and most of all the epidemic itself. It has been portrayed throughout the years that genetic engineering not only induces a strong risks to children, Ladies, and gentleman, but also produces a new threat to the environment. Yes, genetic engineering has the chance to have a number of medical advancements, but in reality it is a devastating experiment for the development between technology and mankind. The general idea and purpose for genetic engineering began to start in the 1970s. The technology that was offered started a whole new way to examine a number of organisms or an entire realm of organisms. In the article, The Association of Genotype inbreeding with a Physical and Psychological Human Traits written by Christopher Vollmers says, Engineers and field researchers from all over the U.S. and other continents were ecstatic at the thought of acquiring data that could answer many a great deal of questions discussing all behaviors of genetic engineering (Vollmers 17). The new advancement was never intended to hurt a human being. On the contrary, it implied hypotheses ofShow MoreRelated Genetic Engineering: Our Key to a Better World Essay1128 Words   |  5 Pages What is genetic engineering one might ask and why is there so much moral controversy surrounding the topic? 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The War Of Bavarian Succession - 1189 Words

Will Vaught, Trevor Lindberg English 2 (H) Ms. Gale April 28, 2017 The War of Bavarian Succession The War of Bavarian Succession, or sometimes called the â€Å"Potato War†, was a cultural and country wide conflict between Bavaria, Prussia, and Austria, as well as its allies. During this conflict, were two conflicting ideals surrounding the people’s rights to territory, food, and country wide patriotism. In addition, these two cultures conflicted politically, economically, and through supplies. Furthermore, when these two countries collided, it sparked a political and territorial battle that Leading up to the war, Austria was embarrassed by its defeat in failing to take the country of Silesia. This war was called the Austrian†¦show more content†¦Charles II August was a bavarian electorate and was the Duke of Zweibrà ¼cken, as well as a Duke of surrounding territories and an electorate in Bavaria or in other terms, an heir to Bavaria. Furthermore, Charles II August and Charles Theodore also had very different ideals for how to run the war. While Charles T heodore wanted to share resources with Austria and share commercial wealth, Charles August very much disagreed with his prepositions and statutes. An example of this was when Charles Theodore tried to give Southern Bavaria away in exchange for the Austrian Netherlands. As a result, not only did this make Charles Theodore mad, but it made other countries made as well, thus deepening the divide, some of these people include Maria Sophina of Saxony (one of Bavaria’s allies in the war), the widow of Maximilian Joseph, as well as prussia and neighboring minor german states. While Furthermore, Charles II Auguste message resonated very well with the neighboring countries Saxony and Prussia. Meanwhile, Austria still wanted to re-establish itself as a part of Germany, so what did they decided to do? They Invaded Bavaria. The War of Bavarian Succession first began when Joseph II of Austria attempted to acquire Bavaria to establish a Habsburg Monarchy within the country. As a result, Fr edrick II of Prussia declared war on Austria, as a retaliation to Austria’s actions, and in support of the influentialShow MoreRelatedRudolf Hess: Deputy Fà ¼hrer828 Words   |  3 Pages What would it take to get you to steal a plane, fly alone over to another country that was at war with your own, parachute out of the plane, and then try to make peace with that country that was your enemy? Well, that is exactly what Rudolf Hess did. So, what happened in his life that caused him act the way he did, and what happened afterward? Rudolf Walter Richard Hess (also spelled Heß) was born on April 26, 1894 in Alexandria, Egypt. His parents, Fritz and Clara Hess, were simple merchants andRead MoreTupac1531 Words   |  7 Pages(about the illuminati). 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At the same time, the marketing environment has also been affected by a series of unpredictable events (SARS and the Iraq war are just two of the more recent of these), and by the emergence of new technologies and delivery systems. Together, these changes have led to a new type of marketing reality which has major implications for the marketing planning and strategy processes

Well Hello There! Free Essays

Dialogue (Feelings through words) Dialogue is one of the most powerful attributes an author can use while writing a story. It is a conversation between characters in a drama or narrative. Also, it’s the lines or passages in a script that are intended to be spoken. We will write a custom essay sample on Well Hello There! or any similar topic only for you Order Now The use of this gives the reader the belief that they are part of the story. It is used throughout stories to convey the feeling of emotions. Writers use expressions in their writing to suggest that the character(s) are having some sort of inner feeling happening Whether it be from the author inserting some of his/her own words or the character talking, this technique gives the story more of a fluent feeling. With the story â€Å"A Conversation with My Father,† dialogue is used sufficiently throughout the reading. This is a literary work written in the form of a conversation. This conveys that this conversation between daughter and father is continuously arguing about a topic. In the story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† dialogue is used in the way so the reader visualizes what the characters are talking about. Dialogue contributes to the overall story to keep the reader in and aware of the moods the characters are experiencing; it shows the true meaning behind the belief of the imagination. An exchange of ideas or opinions. Dialogue is a big contribution to the overall reading. It shows the inner linings of a story. In the story â€Å"A Conversation with My Father,† the dialogue is shown in the text through the talks between father and daughter. When the daughter says â€Å"I say, yes, why not? That’s possible. I want to please him, though I don’t remember her writing that way. I would like to try to tell such a story, if he means the kind that points which I’ve always despised (Poley 1096). † What the author does for this sequence of writing is the use of expression in the text. Even though this is writing on paper, the belief of emotion is seen. The daughter says â€Å"I say, Yes, Why not? That’s possible; the author wanted to convey the use of excitement and persuasion of the character and transfer that to the reader. Dialogue is shown in many ways. In â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† the author wants the reader to experience the story through the life and views of the Grandmother. She tried to convince her family to take a vacation to east Tennessee instead of Florida. Shown in the text, â€Å"The Grandmother didn’t want to go to Florida; she wanted to go to visit some of her connections in east Tennessee and she was seizing at every chance to change Bailey’s mind (O’Connor 1042). † The author shows you the want and the need of the grandmother to get to east Tennessee. In the eyes of the reader, the use of the text to show the emotion of the grandmother is nothing short of excitement. The Grandmother is excited to start the trip. For example, â€Å"The next morning the grandmother was the first one in the car, ready to go. She had her big black valise that looked like the head of a hippopotamus in one corner, and underneath it she was hiding a basket with Pitty Sing, the cat, in it (O’Connor 1042). † When it comes to the two stories relevance to each other; Dialogue is the link between them. Dialogue is used through-out both stories to make sure the reader understands what is going on in the story. The characters in the stories show their personalities, self-beings, and their love for one another (family wise). In â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† the family shows their love for each other and their personalities through the dialogue used by the author. The Grandmother starts to tell a story while the family is on the road trip. In â€Å"A Conversation with My Father,† the daughter and father have a relationship that is rocky. The use of subtext by the author shows a conversation between daughter and father. â€Å"Once in my time there was a woman and she had a son. They lived nicely, in a small apartment in Manhattan. This boy at about fifteen became a junkie, which is not unusual in our neighborhood. In order to maintain her close friendship with him, she became a junkie too. She said it was part of the youth culture, with which she felt very much at home. After a while, for a number of reasons, the boy gave it all up and left the city and his mother in disgust. Hopeless and alone, she grieved. We all visit her (Paley 1096). † This quote from the story represents the dialogue used by the author to convey a conversation being had between the father and the daughter. With this quote being in the story, the reader feels as if they are in the conversation too. The daughter and the father show their belief and love for one another even if their relationship is not the best. The father will always be her father and the daughter will always be his daughter. In Conclusion, Dialogue is one of the most powerful attributes an author can use while writing a story. It is a conversation between characters in a drama or narrative. Also, it’s the lines or passages in a script that are intended to be spoken. It is a powerful tool that the author uses to show the personalities and the beliefs of the characters in the writing through words. The use of this gives the reader the belief that they are part of the story. It is used throughout stories to convey the feeling of emotions. Writers use expressions in their writing to suggest that the character(s) are having some sort of inner feeling happening Whether it be from the author inserting some of his/her own words or the character talking, this technique gives the story more of a fluent feeling. With the story â€Å"A Conversation with My Father,† dialogue is used sufficiently throughout the reading. This is a literary work written in the form of a conversation. This conveys that this conversation between daughter and father is continuously arguing about a topic. In the story â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† dialogue is used in the way so the reader visualizes what the characters are talking about. Dialogue contributes to the overall story to keep the reader in and aware of the moods the characters are experiencing; it shows the true meaning behind the belief of the imagination. An exchange of ideas or opinions. Works Cited O’Connor, Flannery. A Good Man is Hard to Find. 8th ed. Boston, New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 1999. 1042-53. Print. Paley, Grace. A Conversation with My Father. 8th ed. Boston, New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 1999. 1096-1099. Print. How to cite Well Hello There!, Papers

Basic of Chromatography-Click to get Free Sample Solution

Question: What is Metabolomics. What is LC/MS and GC/MS also analysis GC/MS and LC/MS for analyzing steroids. Also Tell some Advantages of GC/MS in steroid profiling in paediatrics. Answer: Introduction: Metabolomics is the study of metabolites and since there is huge variety of metabolites present hence a comprehensive research of metabolites today requires both LC/MS (Liquid chromatographymass spectrometry) and GC/MS (Gas chromatographymass spectrometry). However not all the metabolomic studies in practice are comprehensive, the factors such as chemical characteristics of the metabolites, the cost and the sample matrix lead to make a choice between LC/MS and GC/MS (Lu, 2008). The present paper attempts to make a critical comparison between the two techniques in the detection of steroids. The paper will review some of the characteristics of LC/MS and GC/MS and present factors that have to be considered for choosing one of the techniques. LC/MS is form of HPLC system having a mass spec detector attached to it. The chemicals are being separated by the HPLC by the column chromatography and this process is reverse phase chromatography. In the presence of hydrophilic solvent (such as water) the metabolite binds to the column due to hydrophobic interactions and then eluted by the hydrophobic solvent for example methanol. As the metabolites elute out from one end of the column they then enters the mass detector from where metabolites the solvent is removed and are ionized. The mass spectrometers are able to differentiate number of chemicals mixed together on the basis of their masses. Hence it is not necessary to bother to separate chemicals with HPLC first (Lu, 2008). GC/MS is a technique consisting of gas chromatography with a mass spectrometer. A complex mixture of chemicals are separated, identified and quantified. With these characteristics the GC/MS is an ideal technique for analyzing number of low molecular weight compounds that are present in environment. The compound that is to be analyzed using GC/MS has to be volatile and thermally stable. Apart from this the functionalised compounds may require some modifications such as derivatization before analyzing it by GC/MS. This is done to avoid any unwanted adsorption effects that would otherwise result into inferior data quality. The samples before subjected to GC/MS analysis have to be first dissolved in organic solvent and then the solvent has to be extracted and the extract is subjected for various analyses. The sample when injected into the GC is vaporised and moves into the chromatographic column with the help of carrier gas. As the sample flows through the column the compounds of interest from the mixture gets separated with respect to the interaction of the metabolite with the coating of the column as well as the carrier gas (Hbschmann, 2008). Comparative analysis of GC/MS and LC/MS for analyzing steroids The steroid profiling has always been most important part of diagnosis related to steroid hormone disorders and metabolism. Various techniques have been used from decades such as thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Apart from this many other immunoassays have been used extensively for plasma steroid hormones quantification in common diagnostic processes. These techniques have been central to the clinical disorder diagnosis but the data are not fully reliable as the problem of cross reactivity has never been solved completely for many analytes thus influencing the specificity. When the concentration of the hormones to be quantified is very less such as in the case of pediatric patients or in the case of postmenopausal women problem occurs. Further there is variability present in the interassay of common measurements such as estradiol, testosterone and the progesterone. These variabilities have been reduced significantly by using liquid chromatography-ma ss spectrometry. Nowadays the immunoassays are rarely used as the latest generation of LC/MS and GC/MS have been proved to be superior to such assays. Many diagnostic laboratories have adopted LC/MS due to its superior immunoassays, its specificity and its providing good linearity even at very low concentrations. Though LC/MS is steroid analysis has emerged as a mainstream diagnostic technology but it has many limitations with one major drawback that the analyte measurements are always targeted even though the panels of the steroids are being measured in a single run (Krone, 2010). An alternative analytical technique to LC/MS available is known as GC/MS which is available for more than 40 years. The GC/MS is used for the analysis of metabolites of steroid hormones as well as their precursors. This technique can be sued both in targeted and comprehensive mode. A scanned GC/MS run consist of all the excreted steroids and the data can be looked for any required analyte even after long period of analysis (Vogeser, 2007).The advantage of LC/MS is the rapid and required analysis of a little amount of compounds at very high sensitivity and is easily automated. Derivatization and hydrolysis of any conjugates is not required. Hence this makes the LC/MS an attractive and ideal diagnostic technique. However structural characterization of some novel steroids cannot be carried out with this technique and the scanning will result into ill defined metabolites and the data obtained is difficult to interpret. Here the GC/MS has the advantage over the LC/MS of providing better r esolution. Recently the resolution of the LC column has improved greatly with the use of small particle size but still the data is compromised due to the short run time. In GC/MS derivatization of the steroids is required with the use of methyloxime-trimethylsilyl ether. This is the disadvantage with this technique as this consumes time and need extra labour. However this allows the characterization of the structures through comparatively easier determination of the number of C=O and C-OH groups. The MS fragmentation takes place due to derivatization hence huge information is available on the genesis of the particular ions that are generated from the analysis of GC/MS. This results into easier determination of the functional groups and their position on the steroid molecule. The GC/MS analysis have been proved to be superior in separating the epimeric steroids hence it is very useful specifically in the metabolism disorders such as 17-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 deficiency and others. When GC/MS is at scan mode non targeted steroid profiling and identification of novel compounds can be done along with identification of their synthesis and metabolism pathways and this data can be stored for longer period of time to be used in future (Bowden, 2009).When small amount of required analyte is to be measured with high background GC/MS is invaluable for this LC/MS as very small amount of sample ka be analysed easily (Rauh, 2009). Advantages of GC/MS in steroid profiling in paediatrics With the introduction of LC/MS the amount of the sample required for the analysis of steroid hormone has been greatly reduced in comparison to other immunoassays and the steroid profiling has also been established successfully as the diagnostic test method for the differentiation between the defects in the steroid disorders. This technique has been established as the confirmation tests in the screening of neonatal congenital adrenal hyperplasia relying only upon blood samples. Hence it has to be kept in mind that this technique relies only upon the blood samples which in a pediatric settings may not be easy to obtain as it is traumatizing both for the patient and their parents. Moreover the blood sampling only reflects single time point than the integrated picture of the steroid metabolome for a longer period of time which is possible in GS/MS steroid analysis technique. Another specific advantage that GC/MS has over LC/MS is that it is non-selective in nature that is a scan will run for all the excreted steroids which will give an oerall picture of single metabolome. One of the major drawbacks of using GC/MS technique in the clinical steroid analysis is the presenting data in the simple form which can be interpreted by the endocrinologists. The endocrinologists find it difficult to analyse the intricacies of the steroid metabolism. A more user friendly presentation of GC/MS data has to be established which can make the complex metabolomes easier to interpret and understandable by the clinicians and the scientists. Conclusion: With the advent in the technologies of LC/MS the most classical steroid analytical methodology can be replaced by measuring the hormones and the precursors specifically for the known analytes. With LC/MS appropriate values are obtained mostly for the first time specifically in pediatric and females where low concentrations of androgens and estrogens are present and the work is important and requires reproducibility (Rauh, 2009). However in spite of this the GC/MS still plays a major role in the analysis of the rare and unidentified conditions and is able to retain its place as the eminent discovery in defining new and unknown pathways of metabolism of the unknown steroids. Among the two the GC/MS appears to be the best technique for the study of metabolism and is a good option in the pediatric condition when a small amount of blood sampling is desired. This method still remains the core of the prenatal diagnosis of steroid disorders by analysing the maternal urine or the amniotic flu id. However from analysing both the technique it can be concluded that both the technique in steroid analysis if complementary more than competing. References: Bowden, J. A., Colosi, D. 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